Enzymology and Protein Chemistry

Protein Post-Translational Modifications

post-translational modification (PTM) refers to the valency and customarily accelerator modification of super molecules following protein biogenesis. Proteins square measure synthesized by ribosomes translating ribonucleic acid into peptide chains, which can then endure PTM to make the mature supramolecular product. PTMs square measure vital elements in cell signal.
Post-translational modifications will occur on the organic compound facet chains or at the protein's C- or N- termini. they'll extend the chemical repertoire of the twenty customary amino acids by modifying An existing practical cluster or introducing a replacement one cherish phosphate. Phosphorylation could be quite common mechanism for control the activity of enzymes and is that the most typical post-translational modification.several being proteins even have saccharide molecules hooked up to them during a method known as glycosylation, which may promote folding and improve stability furthermore as serving regulative functions. Attachment of lipid molecules, referred to as lipidation, typically targets a supramolecular or a part of a supramolecular hooked up to the cytomembrane. Other styles of post-translational modification accommodates cleaving amide bonds, as in process a propertied to a mature type or removing the instigator essential amino acid residue. The formation of disulfide bonds from amino alkanoic acid residues may additionally be cited as a post-translational modification.  for example, the amide endocrine hypoglycemic agent is cut double once disulfide bonds square measure shaped, and a propertied is faraway from the center of the chain; the ensuing super molecule consists of 2 peptide chains connected by disulfide bonds.